Recent events have placed Bangladesh in a delicate position between two of its major neighbours, India and China. China, one of the world's superpowers, has historically had a complicated relationship with Bangladesh. In August 1972, when Bangladesh sought membership in the UN Security Council, China was the only country that abstained from voting for Bangladesh. Today, China stands as Bangladesh's largest trading partner, marking fifty years of economic ties.
Meanwhile, Bangladesh's historical connection with India has been overshadowed in recent years. After 53 years of independence, tensions between Bangladesh and India still linger. The quota reform movement of 2024 saw Bangladeshi women, children, and elders expressing dissatisfaction with India's influence in their country. This has led many in Bangladesh to question the real benefits of its long-standing friendship with India, with some even suggesting that the costs may have outweighed the gains.
During the recent flooding, the interim government of Bangladesh received a $20,000 donation from the Chinese ambassador, and the Chinese Red Cross contributed an additional $100,000. China's interest in Bangladesh is clear, especially given Bangladesh's rapid growth and potential. The establishment of the "Bangladesh Studies Institute" by the China Academy of Social Sciences further demonstrates China's commitment to strengthening ties.
In the political realm, significant changes have occurred in Bangladesh. Sheikh Hasina, known for her close ties to India, stepped down on 5 August 2024, following mass protests led by students. Her departure is seen by many as a diplomatic victory for China and a setback for India. Nobel laureate Dr Muhammad Yunus has taken charge of the interim government, which is perceived as being less aligned with India. China now hopes to have more influence over Bangladesh's future foreign policy, though this will not be without challenges.
Dr Yunus's relationship with the United States is tested, and Bangladesh will need U.S. support to secure loans from international financial institutions like the World Bank and the IMF. China, on the other hand, is keenly watching how this U.S.-Bangladesh relationship unfolds, as it could impact China's influence in the region. Given the country's current economic challenges, Bangladesh must tread carefully to stabilise its fragile economy and manage its relationships with both China and India.
Shetu Khanam
Student, Department of Public Administration
Islamic University, Kushtia
[email protected]
