The Hilsa fish, locally known as 'Ilish', holds a special place in the heart of millions of people here and in neighbouring Indian state of West Bengal. Whether served at a family gathering, a special festival, or a simple dinner at home, the Hilsa symbolises more than just a delicacy. However, in recent years, the alarming decline in Hilsa production in the peak season -- from August to September -- has raised concern among people in this part of the world. This year, a significant shortfall in supply has resulted in a staggering 40 per cent price hike for a mid-sized Hilsa fish.
For centuries, Hilsa has been a staple in Bengali households, loved for its distinct taste and culinary delights. The fish features prominently in the nation's culinary tradition, especially during the Bengali New Year, 'Pohela Boishakh', when a dish of Hilsa and rice is a must. Beyond its cultural importance, Hilsa fishing supports a large part of Bangladesh's coastal communities, providing both direct and indirect employment to millions of people.
However, these age-old traditions and economic gains are now at risk due to its declining production.
This decline is particularly troubling because Bangladesh is the largest producer of Hilsa fish globally, accounting for more than 80 per cent of the world's total supply. Despite such dominance, the country's capacity to sustain this vital industry is being compromised, necessitating immediate and focused action.
Several factors are contributing to the declining Hilsa population. Experts have long pointed to environmental degradation, specifically the pollution of rivers and waterways, as one of the primary reasons. Industrial waste, plastic debris, and harmful chemicals are increasingly contaminating the Hilsa's natural breeding grounds. Hilsa thrives in the waters of the Padma, Meghna, and other rivers; however, the rising pollution levels have degraded these ecosystems, reducing the fish's ability to reproduce in healthy numbers.
Moreover, the reduction in water levels in the country's major rivers is further compounding the issue. Climate change and upstream water diversions by neighbouring countries have significantly impacted river flows, reducing the volume of water available for Hilsa to breed and grow. As river levels continue to fall, the natural breeding and migratory cycles of Hilsa are being disrupted. The interplay of these environmental factors has created a perfect storm, significantly affecting the fish's population.
While many steps have been taken to address this issue, including the banning of Hilsa fishing during the breeding season, these measures alone are not enough to counterbalance the environmental damage. Fishermen have been encouraged to use more sustainable practices, and breeding grounds have been protected. Yet, without tackling the root causes, such as pollution and declining water levels, these initiatives have had limited success in reversing the decline in Hilsa numbers. This situation has ignited concern among consumers and policymakers alike. If urgent measures are not implemented, this decline could spell disaster, both culturally and economically.
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