Hilsa, the national fish of Bangladesh, is not only a staple in Bengali cuisine but also a vital contributor to our food security, economy, and the livelihoods of countless fishermen. While other fish such as Rui, Katla, Mrigel, and Boal are found in our rivers and canals, Hilsa remains unmatched in demand. From social events to festive occasions like Bengali New Year, Hilsa occupies a special place on the Bengali dining table.
In 2017, Bangladesh's Hilsa was recognised as a Geographical Indication (GI) product, further cementing its role as a cultural symbol. The Padma, Meghna, and Godavari rivers, along with the Bay of Bengal, host the largest populations of this prized fish, with Chandpur often referred to as the "Home of Hilsa." Globally, while Hilsa is produced in 11 countries, Bangladesh contributes around 86 per cent of total production. Fishermen here rely heavily on Hilsa for their livelihoods, and exports bring significant revenue in the country.
However, the reproduction rate of Hilsa has declined alarmingly over the last two decades. Many fishermen, driven by profit, flout bans and capture mother Hilsa. Factors such as reduced river flow, pesticide contamination, and plastic pollution further hinder the fish's migration and breeding, leading to declining catches. Some fishermen have even abandoned their profession due to reduced availability.
Protecting Hilsa cannot rely on bans alone. Field-level surveillance must be strengthened, and the government should equip the naval police and coast guard with modern tools, including fast vehicles, to enforce regulations effectively. Authorities must also conduct regular campaigns to prevent the catching, transportation, storage, and sale of illegally captured Hilsa. Only with coordinated and sincere efforts can we ensure the sustainable breeding of this national treasure.
Riyad Hossain
Student, Govt. BL College, Khulna
hossainriyad7444@gmail.com
