Dhaka, one of the world's most densely populated megacities, has once again topped the global list of air pollution. The capital's Air Quality Index (AQI) has reached 280 to 290 on several days, which is considered 'very unhealthy'.
According to the World Health Organization, about 7 million people die every year in the world due to air pollution.
The situation in Bangladesh is also worrying. Various studies say that air pollution is linked to the premature deaths of about 80,000 people in the country every year, which also has a negative impact on national production.
The main sources of pollution in Dhaka are multifaceted. Black smoke from old and inefficient vehicles, illegal and outdated brick kilns located around the city, untreated emissions from industries, dust from unplanned construction work, and open burning of waste, all of which are continuously increasing pollution levels.
Due to less rainfall during the dry season, pollutant particles remain suspended in the air for a long time, making the situation even more dire in winter. Additionally, cooking in rural areas using wood, coal, or cow dung causes indoor air pollution, which is a major risk, especially for women and children.
The health impacts are also profound. The risk of respiratory problems, asthma, chronic lung disease, heart disease, stroke and lung cancer is increasing. Children's intellectual development may be stunted, and the elderly and sick are most affected. Environmentally, acid rain, reduced visibility and the effects of climate change are also increasing.
The environment must be prioritised in urban planning to combat air pollution. Strict enforcement of dust control regulations, regular water sprinkling and ensuring safety fences at construction sites are essential. Public transport needs to be developed, fuel quality improved and old vehicles phased out.
MD. Noor Hamza Peash
LL.B. Student
Department Of Law
World University of Bangladesh
