Kidney disease is often referred to as a 'silent disease' due to its lack of noticeable early symptoms, making it difficult for individuals to realize when their kidneys may not be functioning properly. Only 10% of people with kidney disease are aware of their condition and seek medical advice. Many ignore potential signs, often discovering issues when the disease has progressed. However, the presence of symptoms alone does not definitively indicate kidney disease. Rather, they should promptly consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis.
One key indicator of potential kidney dysfunction is persistent fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating. Impaired kidneys struggle to filter toxins effectively from the bloodstream, leading to a buildup of waste products in the body. This toxic accumulation can result in a general feeling of lethargy and reduced cognitive sharpness.
Another common symptom is an increased frequency of urination, particularly at night. While this could indicate various medical conditions, it may also point to kidney problems. Changes in the appearance of urine-such as frothiness or the presence of blood-are potential red flags.
Kidney disease can also manifest through digestive symptoms. Individuals may experience a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and unintentional weight loss. A condition called uremia, which results from a buildup of waste products in the blood, can lead to bad breath and a metallic taste in the mouth. This further affects an individual's ability to enjoy or even tolerate food.
The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance. When they fail to perform this function adequately, fluid can accumulate in various body parts, causing swelling. This swelling, often called oedema, is most commonly seen in the face, ankles, legs, and feet.
Another consequence of kidney malfunction is an imbalance in the body's minerals and nutrients. Over time, this can cause dry, itchy skin. Muscle cramps are also a common symptom caused by the disrupted balance of electrolytes such as calcium and potassium.
Erythropoietin is a key hormone the kidneys produce, essential for producing red blood cells. When kidney function is compromised, the production of this hormone decreases, leading to anaemia. This reduction in red blood cells limits the body's ability to transport oxygen, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and general weakness.
Recognizing these symptoms and seeking medical advice is essential, but preventative measures are just as crucial to maintaining kidney health. A balanced diet is the foundation of kidney wellness. Reducing salt and added sugars is recommended while increasing the intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat or fat-free dairy products. The American Heart Association advises that salt intake should not exceed 2,300 milligrams per day, and added sugars should account for less than 10% of daily calorie intake.
Staying hydrated also plays a significant role in kidney function. A simple way to monitor hydration levels is by checking urine colour. A pale straw colour usually indicates adequate hydration, while darker urine may be a sign of dehydration.
Regular physical activity is another important factor in preserving kidney health. At least 30 minutes of exercise five days a week helps regulate blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and body weight. This is particularly vital for individuals with diabetes and hypertension, as these conditions significantly increase the risk of developing kidney disease.
Managing stress and ensuring sufficient sleep-typically 7-8 hours a night-are also beneficial for kidney health. In addition, people should avoid using painkillers without medical supervision, as overuse can lead to kidney damage. Limiting alcohol consumption and refraining from smoking are equally important steps in protecting kidney function.
Lastly, for women, urinary tract infections (UTIs) require prompt treatment, as untreated infections can spread to the kidneys and potentially lead to long-term damage. UTIs are more common in women, and taking them seriously can prevent complications that may arise later in life.
Preventative lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and avoiding harmful substances, can significantly reduce the risk of kidney disease.
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