Dog bite remains a public health concern

Dog bites have long been a neglected but persistent public health challenge in Bangladesh. Each year, thousands of people particularly children and the poor fall victim to stray dog attacks, often resulting in physical trauma, psychological distress, and in worst cases, death from rabies. Despite various interventions by the government and non-governmental organisations, dog bites and rabies remain a visible and dangerous concern across the country.
According to the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), over 200,000 dog bite incidents are reported annually. The real number is likely higher, considering underreporting in rural and underserved areas. In many parts of the country, especially slums and peri-urban neighborhoods, stray dogs roam freely and often aggressively. Children playing in the open are frequently bitten, and community members tend to lack both awareness and resources to respond effectively.
One of the most alarming consequences of dog bites is rabies. a viral disease that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, but entirely preventable with timely post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Bangladesh has made notable progress in its national rabies elimination programme, including dog vaccination drives and establishment of rabies treatment centers in major hospitals. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to PEP, maintaining cold chain systems for vaccines and promoting community level awareness.
Traditional healing practices and myths continue to obstruct proper treatment-seeking behaviour. Many people in rural areas turn to herbal or home remedies instead of visiting a health facility. As a result, preventable deaths continue to occur, particularly among low income and uneducated populations.
To address the dog bite problem, Bangladesh must adopt a holistic One Health approach that integrates human health, animal health, and environmental management. Stray dog population control through spaying, neutering, and vaccination is essential. Local government bodies should coordinate with NGOs and veterinary services to implement sustainable dog management programmes.
Public education is equally vital. Awareness campaigns in schools, communities, and through mass media can teach people how to avoid provoking dogs, administer first aid after a bite, and seek proper treatment. Medical personnel at all levels must also be trained to administer PEP appropriately and counsel patients.

Dr. Md Rifat Al Mazid Bhuiyan
Post Graduate Fellow
Dpt. of Community Medicine & Public Health
Rajshahi Medical College
rifatalmazid@gmail.com