Increasing food grain production
Saturday, 25 October 2008
Md Asaduzzaman
Bangladesh has been able to maintain a balance of sorts between its basic food requirement and present population with some dependency on imported food grains. But this balance could strain severely in the near future. This is particularly the case, in the face of worldwide food shortage and high price of staple food grain. The situation, if it continues indefinitely, may further increase Bangladesh's dependency on imported food grain. Thus, it is high time for Bangladesh to devise and implement programmes to go on substantially increasing the production of food grains.
This year's near attainment of the target of boro rice production, which was set at a higher level, shows that planned increase in food grain production is possible. This should now lead to planning for the long term to attain complete self-sufficiency in food grains at the fastest. The aim of such long term planning should be to go on gradually increasing food grain production to double the output in the long run.
Every year, the country is seen losing nearly 80 thousand hectares of arable lands due to river erosion, building of houses and infrastructures. Thus one per cent of arable lands is getting lost annually when the demand for food is rising at the rate of 1.4 per cent annually due to population growth and other factors. There is a mismatch between the demand and supply growth already. This will only worsen in the years to come, if vigorous steps are not taken from now to go on increasing food grain production.
The strategy for Bangladesh to that end will have to be one of increasing production from limited or shrinking areas of cultivable lands. But this should not be considered as a serious negative factor because all the possibilities are there for higher productivity from the limited lands. According to experts, Bangladesh can attain a major increase in its food grain production immediately by only expanding the use of the higher yielding varieties of seeds. Only 20 per cent of the farmlands are now covered by high yielding seeds. If the rate of use of such seeds can be extended by 60 per cent from the present rate, then it would be possible to produce an additional 30 million tons of rice.
The challenge would be producing increased quantities of the higher yielding seeds and distributing these efficiently to the farmers. The total demand for paddy seeds is 0.3 million metric tons. But the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) supplies 80 thousand metric tons and the rest of the 20 per cent of such seeds now used, are supplied by the private sector. Thus, both the BADC and the private sector will have to engage in hard, time-bound activities to increase production of higher yielding varieties of seeds and to ensure their efficient distribution to farmers. BADC is expected to take the lead role in this area.
Apart from more expanded use of high yielding seeds, agriculture as a whole in Bangladesh should be modernized to a higher degree for higher productivity. Farmers in many areas are helping such a transformation on their own. Power tillers are replacing the traditional bullock and machines are being used for threshing in place of the manually operated systems. But this transformation needs to be much extended throughout the country through helpful official policies and supports. Besides, the governmental agencies must ensure timely availability of the various agricultural inputs in adequate quantities to the doorsteps of farmers at affordable prices.
Bangladesh has been able to maintain a balance of sorts between its basic food requirement and present population with some dependency on imported food grains. But this balance could strain severely in the near future. This is particularly the case, in the face of worldwide food shortage and high price of staple food grain. The situation, if it continues indefinitely, may further increase Bangladesh's dependency on imported food grain. Thus, it is high time for Bangladesh to devise and implement programmes to go on substantially increasing the production of food grains.
This year's near attainment of the target of boro rice production, which was set at a higher level, shows that planned increase in food grain production is possible. This should now lead to planning for the long term to attain complete self-sufficiency in food grains at the fastest. The aim of such long term planning should be to go on gradually increasing food grain production to double the output in the long run.
Every year, the country is seen losing nearly 80 thousand hectares of arable lands due to river erosion, building of houses and infrastructures. Thus one per cent of arable lands is getting lost annually when the demand for food is rising at the rate of 1.4 per cent annually due to population growth and other factors. There is a mismatch between the demand and supply growth already. This will only worsen in the years to come, if vigorous steps are not taken from now to go on increasing food grain production.
The strategy for Bangladesh to that end will have to be one of increasing production from limited or shrinking areas of cultivable lands. But this should not be considered as a serious negative factor because all the possibilities are there for higher productivity from the limited lands. According to experts, Bangladesh can attain a major increase in its food grain production immediately by only expanding the use of the higher yielding varieties of seeds. Only 20 per cent of the farmlands are now covered by high yielding seeds. If the rate of use of such seeds can be extended by 60 per cent from the present rate, then it would be possible to produce an additional 30 million tons of rice.
The challenge would be producing increased quantities of the higher yielding seeds and distributing these efficiently to the farmers. The total demand for paddy seeds is 0.3 million metric tons. But the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) supplies 80 thousand metric tons and the rest of the 20 per cent of such seeds now used, are supplied by the private sector. Thus, both the BADC and the private sector will have to engage in hard, time-bound activities to increase production of higher yielding varieties of seeds and to ensure their efficient distribution to farmers. BADC is expected to take the lead role in this area.
Apart from more expanded use of high yielding seeds, agriculture as a whole in Bangladesh should be modernized to a higher degree for higher productivity. Farmers in many areas are helping such a transformation on their own. Power tillers are replacing the traditional bullock and machines are being used for threshing in place of the manually operated systems. But this transformation needs to be much extended throughout the country through helpful official policies and supports. Besides, the governmental agencies must ensure timely availability of the various agricultural inputs in adequate quantities to the doorsteps of farmers at affordable prices.