Indiscriminate use of pesticides

Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in agricultural production courtesy of modern technologies, improved crop varieties and the tireless efforts of farmers. The country is now largely self-sufficient in food production and agriculture remains a key pillar of the national economy. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides in pursuit of higher yields poses a serious threat to biodiversity, environmental sustainability and public health.
Although pesticides are essential for protecting crops from pests and diseases, their excessive use disrupts ecological balance. Along with harmful insects, beneficial species such as bees, butterflies, and other pollinators are also being destroyed. Their decline threatens the future production of fruits, vegetables, and oilseed crops.
The damage extends beyond farmland. Rainfall and floods carry pesticide residues into rivers, canals, wetlands, and ponds, contaminating water bodies and reducing fish populations. Many indigenous aquatic species, along with frogs, earthworms, snails and mussels have declined sharply. The disappearance of earthworms, which are vital for maintaining soil fertility, is particularly alarming.
Pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, fish, and other food items also pose serious health risks. Long-term exposure has been linked to heart disease, liver and kidney disorders, respiratory illnesses, neurological problems and cancer. The illegal use of toxic chemicals to ripen fruits and preserve food has made the situation even more dangerous.
Excessive pesticide use also destroys beneficial soil microorganisms, reduces natural soil fertility and makes farmers increasingly dependent on chemical inputs. As a result, production costs rise while the long-term sustainability of agriculture is undermined. Many farmers still lack adequate knowledge about the safe and proper use of pesticides, making training and awareness programmes essential.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM), biological pest control and botanical pesticides should be promoted as safer alternatives. At the same time, the production, import, marketing and sale of highly hazardous pesticides must be strictly regulated, and regular market inspections ensured.
Sustainable agriculture is not only about producing more food but also about protecting biodiversity and ensuring food safety. By reducing dependence on harmful chemicals and adopting environmentally friendly farming practices, Bangladesh can safeguard both public health and its agricultural future.

Gazi Arif Mannan
Fulgazi, Feni