Russia emerging as loan haven 9 years after default
Sunday, 16 September 2007
Kabir Chibber and Cecile Gutscher
What a difference nine years makes.
Banks from New York-based JPMorgan Chase & Co. to ABN Amro Holding NV in Amsterdam are providing more loans to Russian companies than ever as memories of the country's $40 billion default in 1998 fade.
Aluminum monopoly United Co. Rusal and supermarket chain OOO Lenta led corporations that borrowed $29 billion in the past three months, 40 percent more than the same period a year ago, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Outside Russia, at least 50 companies from leveraged buyout firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. to Tyco Electronics Ltd., the biggest maker of electric connectors, canceled more than $100 billion of deals.
``We're going to have to think of a new term for emerging markets,'' said Roland Nash, chief strategist at Renaissance Capital in Moscow, which has helped clients raise more than $15 billion since 1995. ``Russia really is in the current credit crunch a bit of a safe haven. All the problems are emanating out of the developed world. That's a real turnaround.''
Russian companies are raising money at the most favourable terms ever, thanks to rising prices for oil, natural gas and metals. Investors seeking assets untouched by record U.S. mortgage delinquencies are lining up to lend in the world's 10th- largest economy, which grew 6.7 percent in 2006. Central bank Deputy Chairman Alexei Ulyukayev said last week the economy may expand as much as 7.5 percent this year.
Corporate loans outstanding in Russia doubled to $256 billion at the end of last year from 2004, according to data compiled by Newport Beach, California-based Pacific Investment Management Co. and securities firm Dresdner Kleinwort in London. Both are units of Munich-based Allianz SE.
Moscow-based Rusal, the world's largest aluminum producer, is paying interest of 70 basis points more than the London interbank offered rate for the first three years on $2 billion of seven-year loans it obtained last month. That compares with 110 basis points, or 1.10 percentage point, a year ago for five-year debt, Bloomberg data show.
Bankers for Lenta in St. Petersburg, Russia's third-largest food retailer, let the company borrow 200 million euros ($275 million) for three years last month at a spread of 140 basis points over Libor, down from 280 basis points on 90 million euros of similar-maturity debt last year, ABN Amro said.
OAO GMK Norilsk Nickel, the world's largest producer of the metal, borrowed $6 billion last week to buy Toronto-based LionOre Mining International Ltd. at a margin of 52.5 basis points for the first three years, Bloomberg data show.
U.S. Steel Corp., the Pittsburgh-based steel company, by contrast, was charged a spread of 125 basis points in August on three-year debt to purchase Hamilton, Ontario-based Stelco Inc. The cost for America's biggest steel maker doubled from 62.5 basis points in June.
The steel company's financing illustrates the challenge that hundreds of borrowers in developed markets face. Investors are avoiding most kinds of non-government debt on concern that the worst U.S. housing market in 16 years will slow economic growth. More than 50 companies canceled or overhauled borrowing plans since June as investors demanded higher risk premiums, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Spreads on loans for U.S. companies with ratings of about BBB have widened 3 basis points to an average 54.5 basis points since June, according to the data. Debt rated BBB- and above by Standard & Poor's and Baa3 by Moody's Investment Service are investment grade.
Tyco Electronics, based in Berwyn, Pennsylvania, abandoned plans in July to borrow $1.5 billion because investors wouldn't provide the credit. The company instead extended the maturity of a short-term loan from Bank of America Corp. in Charlotte, North Carolina, by one year, according to an Aug. 31 filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Sheri Woodruff, a spokeswoman for Tyco, didn't return a telephone call seeking comment.
New York-based KKR's bankers last month called off plans to syndicate 6 billion pounds ($12.1 billion) of debt to investors that the buyout firm used to finance the purchase of U.K. pharmacy chain Alliance Boots Plc, two people with direct knowledge of the deal said at the time.
``In this environment, everything is getting beaten up, and Russia has been a great way to play the volatility,'' said Jeff Grills, who manages $8 billion as co-head of emerging-market debt at JPMorgan Asset Management in New York. ``Russia looks very attractive in terms of the fundamentals and their ability to pay.''
JPMorgan Asset Management increased its allocation to the country this year, buying bonds from Gazprom last month, Grills said. The firm is a unit of JPMorgan Chase, the biggest U.S. loan arranger.
Gazprom's bonds due in August 2037 have risen to 104.5 percent of face value since the debt was sold last month, according to Credit Suisse prices on Bloomberg.
Russian companies are preparing to raise at least $6 billion of bonds and loans, according to Dresdner Kleinwort. Borrowers include gas monopoly Gazprom, OAO Rosneft, the largest oil producer, and VTB Group, the country's third-biggest bank by assets.
``We have never been busier,'' said Hasan Mustafa, head of emerging-market loan syndication in London at ABN Amro, the biggest arranger of Russian corporate loans, according to Bloomberg data. Export-backed loans to oil, gas and metals companies ``will prove to be the most resilient from the point of a view of a correction. In a market that's heading south, it's the safest kind of paper you can hold,'' he said.
Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc, the biggest arranger of syndicated loans in Europe, signed an agreement with Renaissance Capital that would provide a springboard to win new assignments.
``Russia is a key geography for us in the future,'' said David Bassett, global head of loan markets at Royal Bank. ``Overall Russia is less affected by liquidity issues in the leveraged market.''
Companies aren't immune to investor flight from the credit markets. Gazprom delayed a $2 billion bond sale for two weeks in July because of declining demand, before issuing $1.25 billion of 30-year notes on Aug. 8.
Amtel Vredestein NV, Russia's third-biggest tiremaker, canceled plans to issue 150 million euros of bonds last week because of ``adverse market conditions.'' VTB Chief Executive Officer Andrei Kostin said he expects the bank to face higher borrowing costs.
Investors may demand wider premiums as elections to determine President Vladimir Putin's successor approach next year, said Peter Harvey, who oversees $3.8 billion of assets as head of fixed income at Cazenove Capital Management in London.
``There are clearly some pretty serious risks surrounding investing in Russia,'' Harvey said. ``You've got to get paid for the political risk.''
OAO Yukos Oil Co. was Russia's largest oil exporter before the government billed it for $30 billion of unpaid taxes. The company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky, once the country's richest man, is now in a Siberian penal colony for tax evasion and fraud. He denies the charges.
Fourteen banks including New York-based Citigroup Inc. and Deutsche Bank AG in Frankfurt lost money when Yukos defaulted in May 2005 on $1 billion of loans arranged in 2003.
Nine years ago, the government shattered investor confidence by failing to repay ruble-denominated debt and devaluing the currency. The crisis triggered losses at Long-Term Capital Management LP that almost paralyzed the global financial system and prompted the U.S. Federal Reserve to organize a bailout of the Greenwich, Connecticut-based hedge fund.
Russia is now profiting from the rising price of oil, which reached a record $78.77 a barrel last month, from less than $14 a barrel in 1998. Natural gas prices have almost tripled since then, and platinum has risen almost four-fold.
Putin used oil revenue to build more than $400 billion of foreign-currency reserves, the world's third-largest behind China and Japan.
Russia is ``one of the least vulnerable'' countries to rising U.S. mortgage delinquencies because of its reserves and current-account surplus, S&P said in a report last week. S&P lifted the country's foreign-currency credit ratings nine times since the default to BBB+, or investment grade. Moody's has it at Baa2, a level lower.
``What distinguishes now from 1998 is that the central bank has a lot of reserves and can ensure the Russian financial system is stable,'' said Andrew Bosomworth, a fund manager in Munich at Pimco. The firm manages about $668 billion, including the world's biggest bond fund. Pimco is ``overweight'' on Russian debt, meaning the funds own a greater percentage of securities from the country than are included in benchmark indexes, Bosomworth said.
``The situation for Russia is far from what it was in the 1990s,'' said Pierre Palmieri, the London-based head of structured commodity finance at Societe Generale SA, the second- biggest arranger of loans to the country this year.
Bloomberg
What a difference nine years makes.
Banks from New York-based JPMorgan Chase & Co. to ABN Amro Holding NV in Amsterdam are providing more loans to Russian companies than ever as memories of the country's $40 billion default in 1998 fade.
Aluminum monopoly United Co. Rusal and supermarket chain OOO Lenta led corporations that borrowed $29 billion in the past three months, 40 percent more than the same period a year ago, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Outside Russia, at least 50 companies from leveraged buyout firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. to Tyco Electronics Ltd., the biggest maker of electric connectors, canceled more than $100 billion of deals.
``We're going to have to think of a new term for emerging markets,'' said Roland Nash, chief strategist at Renaissance Capital in Moscow, which has helped clients raise more than $15 billion since 1995. ``Russia really is in the current credit crunch a bit of a safe haven. All the problems are emanating out of the developed world. That's a real turnaround.''
Russian companies are raising money at the most favourable terms ever, thanks to rising prices for oil, natural gas and metals. Investors seeking assets untouched by record U.S. mortgage delinquencies are lining up to lend in the world's 10th- largest economy, which grew 6.7 percent in 2006. Central bank Deputy Chairman Alexei Ulyukayev said last week the economy may expand as much as 7.5 percent this year.
Corporate loans outstanding in Russia doubled to $256 billion at the end of last year from 2004, according to data compiled by Newport Beach, California-based Pacific Investment Management Co. and securities firm Dresdner Kleinwort in London. Both are units of Munich-based Allianz SE.
Moscow-based Rusal, the world's largest aluminum producer, is paying interest of 70 basis points more than the London interbank offered rate for the first three years on $2 billion of seven-year loans it obtained last month. That compares with 110 basis points, or 1.10 percentage point, a year ago for five-year debt, Bloomberg data show.
Bankers for Lenta in St. Petersburg, Russia's third-largest food retailer, let the company borrow 200 million euros ($275 million) for three years last month at a spread of 140 basis points over Libor, down from 280 basis points on 90 million euros of similar-maturity debt last year, ABN Amro said.
OAO GMK Norilsk Nickel, the world's largest producer of the metal, borrowed $6 billion last week to buy Toronto-based LionOre Mining International Ltd. at a margin of 52.5 basis points for the first three years, Bloomberg data show.
U.S. Steel Corp., the Pittsburgh-based steel company, by contrast, was charged a spread of 125 basis points in August on three-year debt to purchase Hamilton, Ontario-based Stelco Inc. The cost for America's biggest steel maker doubled from 62.5 basis points in June.
The steel company's financing illustrates the challenge that hundreds of borrowers in developed markets face. Investors are avoiding most kinds of non-government debt on concern that the worst U.S. housing market in 16 years will slow economic growth. More than 50 companies canceled or overhauled borrowing plans since June as investors demanded higher risk premiums, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Spreads on loans for U.S. companies with ratings of about BBB have widened 3 basis points to an average 54.5 basis points since June, according to the data. Debt rated BBB- and above by Standard & Poor's and Baa3 by Moody's Investment Service are investment grade.
Tyco Electronics, based in Berwyn, Pennsylvania, abandoned plans in July to borrow $1.5 billion because investors wouldn't provide the credit. The company instead extended the maturity of a short-term loan from Bank of America Corp. in Charlotte, North Carolina, by one year, according to an Aug. 31 filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Sheri Woodruff, a spokeswoman for Tyco, didn't return a telephone call seeking comment.
New York-based KKR's bankers last month called off plans to syndicate 6 billion pounds ($12.1 billion) of debt to investors that the buyout firm used to finance the purchase of U.K. pharmacy chain Alliance Boots Plc, two people with direct knowledge of the deal said at the time.
``In this environment, everything is getting beaten up, and Russia has been a great way to play the volatility,'' said Jeff Grills, who manages $8 billion as co-head of emerging-market debt at JPMorgan Asset Management in New York. ``Russia looks very attractive in terms of the fundamentals and their ability to pay.''
JPMorgan Asset Management increased its allocation to the country this year, buying bonds from Gazprom last month, Grills said. The firm is a unit of JPMorgan Chase, the biggest U.S. loan arranger.
Gazprom's bonds due in August 2037 have risen to 104.5 percent of face value since the debt was sold last month, according to Credit Suisse prices on Bloomberg.
Russian companies are preparing to raise at least $6 billion of bonds and loans, according to Dresdner Kleinwort. Borrowers include gas monopoly Gazprom, OAO Rosneft, the largest oil producer, and VTB Group, the country's third-biggest bank by assets.
``We have never been busier,'' said Hasan Mustafa, head of emerging-market loan syndication in London at ABN Amro, the biggest arranger of Russian corporate loans, according to Bloomberg data. Export-backed loans to oil, gas and metals companies ``will prove to be the most resilient from the point of a view of a correction. In a market that's heading south, it's the safest kind of paper you can hold,'' he said.
Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc, the biggest arranger of syndicated loans in Europe, signed an agreement with Renaissance Capital that would provide a springboard to win new assignments.
``Russia is a key geography for us in the future,'' said David Bassett, global head of loan markets at Royal Bank. ``Overall Russia is less affected by liquidity issues in the leveraged market.''
Companies aren't immune to investor flight from the credit markets. Gazprom delayed a $2 billion bond sale for two weeks in July because of declining demand, before issuing $1.25 billion of 30-year notes on Aug. 8.
Amtel Vredestein NV, Russia's third-biggest tiremaker, canceled plans to issue 150 million euros of bonds last week because of ``adverse market conditions.'' VTB Chief Executive Officer Andrei Kostin said he expects the bank to face higher borrowing costs.
Investors may demand wider premiums as elections to determine President Vladimir Putin's successor approach next year, said Peter Harvey, who oversees $3.8 billion of assets as head of fixed income at Cazenove Capital Management in London.
``There are clearly some pretty serious risks surrounding investing in Russia,'' Harvey said. ``You've got to get paid for the political risk.''
OAO Yukos Oil Co. was Russia's largest oil exporter before the government billed it for $30 billion of unpaid taxes. The company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky, once the country's richest man, is now in a Siberian penal colony for tax evasion and fraud. He denies the charges.
Fourteen banks including New York-based Citigroup Inc. and Deutsche Bank AG in Frankfurt lost money when Yukos defaulted in May 2005 on $1 billion of loans arranged in 2003.
Nine years ago, the government shattered investor confidence by failing to repay ruble-denominated debt and devaluing the currency. The crisis triggered losses at Long-Term Capital Management LP that almost paralyzed the global financial system and prompted the U.S. Federal Reserve to organize a bailout of the Greenwich, Connecticut-based hedge fund.
Russia is now profiting from the rising price of oil, which reached a record $78.77 a barrel last month, from less than $14 a barrel in 1998. Natural gas prices have almost tripled since then, and platinum has risen almost four-fold.
Putin used oil revenue to build more than $400 billion of foreign-currency reserves, the world's third-largest behind China and Japan.
Russia is ``one of the least vulnerable'' countries to rising U.S. mortgage delinquencies because of its reserves and current-account surplus, S&P said in a report last week. S&P lifted the country's foreign-currency credit ratings nine times since the default to BBB+, or investment grade. Moody's has it at Baa2, a level lower.
``What distinguishes now from 1998 is that the central bank has a lot of reserves and can ensure the Russian financial system is stable,'' said Andrew Bosomworth, a fund manager in Munich at Pimco. The firm manages about $668 billion, including the world's biggest bond fund. Pimco is ``overweight'' on Russian debt, meaning the funds own a greater percentage of securities from the country than are included in benchmark indexes, Bosomworth said.
``The situation for Russia is far from what it was in the 1990s,'' said Pierre Palmieri, the London-based head of structured commodity finance at Societe Generale SA, the second- biggest arranger of loans to the country this year.
Bloomberg