Time to use solar photo voltaic panels

What will happen when the fossil fuel and other resources of power and electricity will end within few years? With the current world situation, this question has the most logical base. And why not? The reserves of crude oil are over 1000 billion barrels that are available for use and it is assumed that with the current utilisation of 84.1 million barrels a day, the world can run only another 32 years. After the stock situation of fossil fuel, let's check out where this fuel is being utilised. The main consumption of fossil fuel is for producing power and electricity. The second most common use is to run the vehicle and to run a smooth transportation system, too. Other than these, mills, factories, heavy industrial instruments and equipment are run by the fuel. So, it is natural to come in mind, what will happen after 32 years from now when we will finish off all the reserve of oil. Will we stop our power and electricity production? Will we stop the heavy industries? Will we stop the transportation system and the vehicles? Anyone can guess that is not possible for us. The world cannot pass a single day without power and energy. So, there is a need to use alternative and renewable energy resources as a substitute for the limited deposit of fossil fuel, coal and natural gas. The sustainable renewable energy is, thus, getting popular as clean and green energy. Most of the countries are investing on this natural and renewable energy sector. There is no other way left for the human civilisation ahead other than this. The survival of the next generation is largely dependent on the perfection of proper utilisation of invested capital in research of sustainable and renewable energy resources production and implementation system. The US President Barak Obama called for his country's reduction of its current oil import by one third by the year 2025. This is not that they are in short of budget for buying oil from other countries but they would like to secure its energy supply for the future. This question may arise how? We can mention Obama's speeches here," When I was elected to this office, America imported 11 (eleven) million barrels of oil a day. By little more than a decade from now we will cut that by one third." Actually his emphasis has been on using alternative of oil and fossil fuel; he said, "The only way for American energy supply to be truly secure is by permanently reducing our dependence on oil. We are to have to find ways to boost our efficiency so we use less oil. We have got to discover and produce cleaner renewable sources of energy that also produce less carbon pollution." He said that meeting this new goal of cutting US oil dependence depends largely on two things: finding and producing more oil at home and reducing our dependence on oil with cleaner alternative fuels and greater efficiency. The US president pointed out the need for not making a quick-fix solution. Here we can mention another project that is completely hydro project and the location is in Himachal. This project is established by a consortium of TATA Power and Norwegian hydro power company. This project has been built to produce 236 megawatt (MW) of electricity in Chenab Valley in Himachal Pradesh, India. In Sri Lanka, rural electricity schemes have been launched very recently. Several projects are going to be established by the government of Sri Lanka to achieve the target of 100 per cent of electricity needs of country's rural sectors by 2012. The fourth project is for lighting Sri Lanka, Ranpura, Kague, Central province. The rural electricity project No 8 approved by the power and energy commission is the one under which new electricity connection had been provided for 720 houses in the Galle and Matara districts. There is a plan for another set of 516 electricity schemes involving an amount Rs 85.7 million for operation covering Elipitya, Nagoda, Karon, Deniya, Yakkalamulla, Beddegama and Thavalama divisions in the Gale district. While 203 electricity schemes will be started at the cost of Rs 134.1 million to cover Kotapola, Pitabed, Passara, Dickweili and Akuresra DS divisions in Matara district. The International Energy Agency 794 (IEA) says that the widespread development of "Smart Grids" networks that monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all sources to meet the varying electricity demands of the end-users is crucial to achieving a more secure and sustainable future. Not only that, the World Bank (WB) has taken an initiative to allocate the loan and subsidies in the sector of renewable energy nowadays. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has made preparation for setting up a fund in support of renewable energy plants such as the electricity production by the photo voltaic (PV) solar cell. We have tried to give some detailed information here so that people can get a general idea about the solar panel that is used for generation of electricity. Basically the solar Photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells are PN junction semiconductor devices. It converts sun light into direct current electricity. There are some types of solar cells or PV solar panels in market. Such as: We can remember that one silicon solar cell produces 0.5V to 0.6V; these cells are combined together to get a module. Usually 3336 cells are connected together to make one module. This connection are made keeping the fact in tact the cells are connected electrically in series andor parallel circuits to produce higher voltages, currents and power levels. One module relates to capability to produce enough voltage to charge 12 volt batteries and run pumps and motors. The PV module is basic building block of a PV power system. Most of the time PV modules are combined in a series in a parallel manner to make PV array of the required power -- complete power-generating unit. For two cells connected in series, the current through the two cells is equal. The sum of total voltage produced is the total of the individual cell voltages. As the current should be the same, a mismatch in current means that the total current from the configuration is equal to the lowest current. In case of parallel connected solar cell, the voltage across the cell combination is always the same and the total current from the combination is the sum of the currents in the individual cells. The performance of PV modules and arrays are generally rated according to their maximum DC power output (watts) under Standard Test Conditions (STC). Standard Test Conditions are defined by a module (cell) operating temperature of 25 degree C (77 F), and incident solar irradiance level of 1000 Wm2 and under Air Mass 1.5 spectral distribution. Since these conditions are not always typical of how PV modules and arrays operate in the field, actual performance is usually 85 to 90 per cent of the STC rating. The writer is Manager, Bangladesh of Xenergeia International Ltd. He can be reached at e-mail: sahriarahamed@yahoo.com