Bangladesh today is largely self-sufficient in food production. Purchasing power has increased and poverty has declined. Yet the persistence of malnutrition among a significant section of the population remains a grave concern. Food availability alone does not guarantee nutrition. If millions are still deprived of a balanced diet, the implications for public health and economic development are serious.
Malnutrition undermines physical growth, weakens immunity, reduces work capacity and increases vulnerability to disease. It is therefore a major obstacle to building a healthy, productive population. Recent newspaper reports suggest that more than 20 million people in the country suffer from malnutrition due to the lack of balanced food, and 43 per cent of them are women. This is alarming, given the crucial role nutrition plays in sustaining energy, productivity and overall well-being.
The issue becomes even more troubling when the condition of workers is considered. Malnourished workers cannot perform at their full potential. Low energy, frequent illness and reduced concentration directly affect productivity, efficiency and workplace safety. This ultimately harms industrial output and national economic performance.
The readymade garment sector, one of Bangladesh's most important export-earning industries, illustrates the depth of the problem. Reports indicate that about 43 per cent of women working in this sector suffer from malnutrition. Since the industry relies heavily on female labour, poor nutritional status among workers threatens not only their health, but also the long-term sustainability of the sector itself. This reality makes urgent intervention unavoidable.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the number of malnourished people in Bangladesh stands at around 26 million. Experts also point to a serious lack of awareness about proper nutrition. Accelerating and strengthening the National Nutrition Services programme is therefore essential. Nutrition education, targeted food support, workplace-based nutrition initiatives and maternal health programmes must be expanded and effectively implemented.
Malnutrition weakens the workforce, contributes to stunting in children and slows economic progress. Its impact is not confined to individual health; it affects productivity, healthcare costs and intergenerational development. If a large share of workers remains malnourished, the negative effects will be felt across production, supply chains and markets.
In this context, the government needs to adopt and enforce sound, evidence-based nutrition policies. At the same time, strong monitoring mechanisms are needed to prevent irregularities and corruption in nutrition-related programmes. The commitment, transparency and sincerity of those responsible in the health and social sectors are crucial if Bangladesh is to eliminate malnutrition and secure sustainable economic growth.
MD. Noor Hamza Peash
Legal Researcher and LL.B. Student
Department Of Law
World University of Bangladesh