Migrant workers going abroad and returning home present a picture that essentially reflects the intertwined activities involved in the process. That is to say, migration is not an end in itself but return of workers is also a part of the process. The cyclical nature of workers' migration--going abroad and returning home--demands a holistic approach that transcends the mere process of departure and arrival.
The recently formulated draft Reintegration Policy for Returnee Migrant Workers appears to address issues facing the returnee migrant workers in various forms including their safety and security. What is needed in this regard is long-term well-being of returnees, fostering a sustainable and inclusive reintegration process. Needless to say, successful integration of returnee migrant workers requires a holistic and multi-faceted approach that addresses economic, social, and psychological aspects.
Recognising the various challenges faced by returnee migrant workers, the draft reintegration policy emerges as a crucial initiative. As reported in the newspapers, the proposed policy encompasses a range of provisions designed to create a supportive framework for returnee workers. One of the pivotal aspects is the establishment of a comprehensive returnee database, which is expected to serve as a vital tool for targeted and need-based support. Additionally, the creation of one-stop centres at the local level, specifically catering to the needs of women and gender-diverse groups, is a step towards providing accessible services through a referral mechanism.
A notable objective of the policy is, reportedly, to strengthen multi-stakeholder participation, emphasising collaboration among various entities involved with the reintegration process. Coordination with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and other organisations working with migrant workers has been recognised essential for effective, innovative, and sustainable reintegration of returnees. Currently, there are NGOs in the country, which claim to have reintegration support services for returning migrant workers. However, there is hardly any visible sustainable reintegration support that can help workers back into normal life.
Each year, a substantial number of Bangladeshis migrate for employment, but a good number faces challenges such as abuse, wage theft, non-payment, and low payment of salary during their overseas stint. Upon return, the struggle continues, with issues ranging from economic hardship to social stigma. Women migrant workers, in particular, often find themselves marginalised, facing unique challenges that require targeted interventions.
To ensure effectiveness of reintegration support, the policy suggests advancing support for decentralised one-stop centres at the local level. These centres will not only provide services through a referral mechanism but also serve as hubs for coordinating various support programmes for returning migrant workers. By focusing on collaboration, inclusivity, and sustainability, the policy aims to create a supportive environment that goes beyond immediate concerns and is expected to work towards long-term well-being of all the returnees.
The task of integration is a complex challenge that many countries grapple with due to the diverse nature of migration patterns, various reasons for return, and the potential impact on both the returning workers and their home countries. Governments worldwide employ different strategies to address this issue, aimed at facilitating a smooth reintegration process and maximising the positive contributions of returnees to their societies.
Countries often establish comprehensive policies to address the specific needs of returnee migrant workers. These policies cover areas such as employment, education, healthcare, and social services. To ensure that returnees have access to legal support is also crucial. This includes assistance with documentation, rights protection, and addressing potential challenges related to re-entry. Many countries invest in skill development programmes to enhance employability of the returnees. This involves providing training and education to match the skills demanded in the local job market. Some governments encourage returnees to start their own businesses by providing financial support, mentorship, and access to resources. Returnees may face emotional challenges due to the readjustment process. Some governments provide counseling services to address mental health issues and help individuals cope with the stresses of reintegration. Fostering community engagement also helps returnees rebuild social connections. Initiatives that encourage community involvement, such as cultural events and support groups, can play a vital role in this regard. Also, regular monitoring and evaluation of reintegration programmes is important to understand the effectiveness of the initiatives taken. This data-driven approach allows for adjustments and improvements based on real-world outcomes.
The draft policy seems to have covered most of the issues that returnee workers face or are likely to face. However, to ensure that the provisions of support srevices are translated into action, the concerned authorities will have to draw an elaborate work plan with a provision for adequate resources. Mere drafting the policy is no more than expression of intent. In this country we have no dearth of pious intents.
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