Groundwater could be an important common asset, particularly in a country like Bangladesh where surface water sources are limited and largely polluted. However, despite its importance, groundwater is under serious stress due to reckless human activities, resulting in wastage and depletion.
One of the primary causes of groundwater wasting in Bangladesh is uncontrolled extraction for various purposes such as farming, industrial processes, and residential consumption. The exponential population growth, coupled with inadequate infrastructure and inefficient water management practices, has led to excessive pumping of groundwater beyond sustainable levels. In rural areas, where access to surface water is limited, reliance on groundwater for irrigation purposes is particularly high. Farmers often resort to inefficient irrigation methods, leading to considerable water wastage and depletion of groundwater reserves.
Moreover, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in Bangladesh have exacerbated the issue. Industries frequently withdraw large volumes of groundwater for their operations, leading to overexploitation of aquifers.
Another significant contributor to groundwater wasting in Bangladesh is the lack of awareness and guidance concerning groundwater conservation practices. Many communities are unaware of the finite nature of groundwater resources and the need for sustainable usage. Consequently, there is a need for incentives to adopt water-saving technologies or practices, discouraging inefficient consumption patterns.
Furthermore, the indiscriminate disposal of solid and liquid waste contaminates groundwater, reducing its quality and usability. In both urban and rural areas, untreated sewage and industrial effluents often find their way into groundwater sources, polluting them and rendering them hazardous for human consumption.
Addressing the issue of groundwater wasting in Bangladesh requires a multifaceted approach. Firstly, there is a need for improved water management and regulation to ensure sustainable groundwater management. This includes enacting laws regarding groundwater extraction and implementing pollution control measures. Moreover, raising awareness among communities about the importance of groundwater preservation and implementing water-saving technologies can help reduce wastage.
Investment in alternative water sources and infrastructure development for water storage and distribution can also alleviate the pressure on groundwater resources. Additionally, promoting water recycling and reuse practices in industries and households can help minimise the demand for freshwater resources, including groundwater.
Importantly, groundwater wasting in Bangladesh is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and concerted efforts from the government, industries, communities, and other stakeholders. By implementing effective strategies, raising awareness, and adopting sustainable water management practices, it is possible to mitigate groundwater wastage and ensure the availability of this valuable resource for future generations.
Md. Mahir Daiyan
Student
Environmental Science & Disaster Management
Daffodil International University
mahirdaiyan212@gmail.com