Bangladesh is experiencing severe heatwaves. The temperatures are rising to dangerous levels. The risk of heatstroke is very high now. And so it is important to know the facts to tackle the crisis.
Heatstroke and heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is the initial stage of heat illness. It causes heavy sweating and a rapid pulse. The skin becomes pale and clammy. Dizziness and headaches are common signs.
Heatstroke is much worse. It happens when the body cannot cool itself. The body temperature rises to 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.
Warning signs
People often sweat heavily during hot weather. However, heatstroke stops sweating. The skin becomes very hot and completely dry.
Neurological changes are critical indicators. Patients suffer from confusion and slurred speech. They exhibit irritability and delirium. Nausea and vomiting occur frequently. A throbbing headache and a racing heartbeat are clear warning signs.
According to data from the Lancet Countdown report on health and climate change, extreme heatwaves are rising sharply in Bangladesh.
The report states that people in Bangladesh were exposed to an average of 28.8 heatwave days each in recent years.
Professor Dr Abdul Halim from Jalalabad Ragib Rabeya Medical College, Sylhet, explains the danger. "Heatstroke damages the brain and other vital organs. Cooling is necessary to save the patient," says Dr Halim.
Who is at higher risk?
Day labourers work under the hot sun for long hours. Rickshaw pullers and construction workers are directly exposed to heat. Infants and young children have weak temperature regulation systems. Their bodies cannot adapt to sudden temperature jumps.
Older people are also very vulnerable. People with chronic diseases face severe complications. This includes patients with heart problems, kidney diseases, or diabetes.
Hydration rules
Water intake is vital during a heatwave. Simple water is not always enough. Heavy sweating removes important salts from the body. This condition leads to low sodium levels in the blood.
People should drink roughly one cup of water every hour. "Do not drink only plain water during heavy outdoor labour. Mix oral rehydration salts or saline with your water. This maintains the electrolyte balance in your blood," says Dr Halim.
Cooling your home
Many homes lack air conditioning systems. High electricity bills and power cuts are common issues. People can still keep their homes cool with simple steps. Keep windows and curtains tightly closed during the day. This blocks the harsh sunlight. Open the windows at night to let in the cool air. Turn off unnecessary lights and electrical appliances. They generate extra ambient heat.
Wardrobe and routines
Wearing loose-fitting and lightweight garments is a great option. Choose light-coloured cotton. These fabrics allow sweat to evaporate easily.
Necessary to avoid the sun during peak hours. Complete your outdoor tasks early in the morning or late in the evening.
Tips for emergency
You must act fast if someone collapses from the heat. Call for an ambulance immediately. Move the patient to a shaded or air-conditioned room.
Lower their body temperature quickly. Pour cool water over their body. Use a wet sheet to wrap them. Use a hand fan or an electric fan to dry the water. This speeds up evaporation.
An untreated heatstroke causes severe internal destruction. Dr Halim says, "Delayed treatment leads to permanent brain damage. It causes kidney failure and liver destruction." So, it is essential to consult a doctor in any emergency scenario.
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