Impact of climate change on agriculture

In agrarian Bangladesh, agriculture is more than a profession; it is the foundation of livelihood for millions and a key pillar of the national economy. Yet this vital sector now stands at risk due to the growing impacts of climate change. Globally, temperatures have risen significantly since the pre-industrial era, and sea levels continue to climb. For a low-lying country like Bangladesh, the consequences are particularly alarming.

Bangladesh is among the nations most vulnerable to climate change. Rising sea levels threaten to submerge a significant portion of coastal land in the coming decades, displacing millions. Increased temperatures, irregular rainfall, frequent floods, droughts, and cyclones are already disrupting agricultural production. Salinity intrusion in coastal areas damages soil fertility and reduces crop yields, while excessive heat and unpredictable rain patterns create uncertainty for farmers. Pest infestations have also increased, further threatening harvests. Since agriculture contributes around 13 per cent to GDP and employs nearly 40 per cent of the labour force, any decline in this sector directly affects national stability and food security.

To confront these challenges, urgent action is required. Climate-resilient and salinity-tolerant crop varieties must be promoted and irrigation systems improved to address water shortages. Agricultural research and the use of modern technology should be strengthened, alongside farmer training and awareness programmes. Reducing reliance on fossil fuels, expanding renewable energy, and preventing deforestation are equally essential.

Nusrat Jahan Boishakhy

Student

Department of English

Eden Mohila College

nboishakhy@gmail.com