From a sociological perspective, socialisation is the lifelong process by which individuals learn and internalise cultural norms, values, and expectations, enabling them to function as members of society. This process occurs through interactions with various social agents like families, schools, peer groups, media, and institutions, shaping individual identities, behaviours, and roles within the social structure.
While traditional socialisation emphasises cultural transmission and conformity, the contemporary social landscape introduces new challenges and opportunities, requiring individuals to navigate a complex interplay of tradition, modernity, and individual agency.
The social fabric of Bangladesh has traditionally been woven with solid threads of family and community, forming the bedrock of individual socialisation. Children grew up within tightly knit familial networks, adhering to established social hierarchies and clearly defined gender roles.
Religious teachings and cultural practices served as the guiding lights, shaping their moral compass and defining their expected behaviours. While education was valued, it often emphasised rote learning and religious doctrines, leaving limited room for critical thinking or exposure to diverse perspectives.
However, the winds of change have swept across the nation in recent decades, ushering in an era of modernisation and globalisation. The relentless march of technology, rapid urbanisation, and democratisation of information have profoundly impacted the socialisation process. This dynamic shift has weakened the dominance of traditional structures, creating fertile ground for the emergence of new agents of socialisation.
Formal education has emerged as a powerful force in shaping young minds. Schools and universities have transcended their traditional role of merely imparting knowledge. They now actively foster critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and exposure to many cultures and ideologies. This shift has nurtured a more inquiring and individualistic mindset among the younger generation, challenging the previously unquestioned authority of traditional structures.
Beyond the confines of classrooms, the media and popular culture have also begun to play a significant role in shaping social norms. Television, social media platforms, and the internet provide constant access to diverse viewpoints and information, often challenging long-held beliefs and societal expectations. Exposure to global trends in fashion, music, and entertainment has significantly influenced the lifestyles and aspirations of young people, fostering a sense of global citizenship and a desire for self-expression.
The changing currents of socialisation have also reshaped the landscape of gender roles in Bangladesh. While traditional patriarchal values remain deeply ingrained in the social fabric, a growing awareness of gender equality and women's rights is gaining traction. Girls are increasingly encouraged to pursue education and careers, defying the age-old image of women confined to domestic spheres. This shift is having a profound impact on family structures, with nuclear families becoming more prevalent and women playing a more active role in decision-making processes.
Recognising that the evolving socialisation process unfolds differently across Bangladesh is crucial. Young people in rural areas often experience a social environment distinct from their urban counterparts. Bound by geographical isolation, limited access to technology, and diverse perspectives, they are more likely to adhere to traditional values and customs, resulting in a more conservative and homogenous social environment. However, even in these rural settings, the winds of change are beginning to blow. Increased migration to urban centres and exposure to media are gradually influencing the perspectives and aspirations of rural youth, paving the way for a more nuanced understanding of the changing social landscape.
The evolving socialisation process presents Bangladesh with complex challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, the erosion of traditional values can lead to social disorientation and a sense of identity crisis for young people struggling to reconcile their inherited values with the demands of a rapidly modernising society. On the other hand, this transformation opens doors to greater individual freedom, critical thinking, and social mobility, empowering individuals to chart their paths and contribute meaningfully to the nation's progress.
Navigating this intricate and dynamic process requires a nuanced approach. While preserving valuable cultural traditions and fostering a sense of community belonging is essential, it is equally crucial to cultivate critical thinking skills, open-mindedness, and tolerance for diverse perspectives. This will equip young people with the necessary tools to thrive in an ever-changing world and contribute to advancing a more inclusive and prosperous Bangladesh.
Fostering a continuous dialogue between generations is paramount in ensuring a smooth transition towards a more progressive and inclusive society. Educational institutions can play a pivotal role by incorporating diverse perspectives into their curricula, encouraging critical thinking, and promoting open discussions about societal norms and values. Parents and communities, too, must adapt their approach, embracing the changing social realities and providing their children with the support and guidance they need to navigate this complex terrain.
By understanding the changing socialisation process and its implications for the future of Bangladesh, the nation can chart a course towards a sustainable and equitable society. By embracing the opportunities for individual growth and collective progress while respecting its rich heritage, Bangladesh can weave a vibrant tapestry of tradition, modernity, and inclusivity, paving the way for a brighter and more promising future for future generations.
Dr Matiur Rahman is a researcher and development worker.
matiurrahman588@gmail.com