Devastating floods, cyclones and other environmental disasters linked to climate change are affecting the lives and futures of more than 19 million children in Bangladesh, a UNICEF report said on Friday.
"In total, an estimated 19.4 million children, spread across 20 of Bangladesh's 64 districts, are exposed to the most detrimental and hazardous consequences of short-or longer-term climate change. Well over five million of them are under the age of five. A changing climate is already undermining their lives and diminishing their prospects for a better future," it added.
The report titled 'A Gathering Storm: Climate change clouds the future of children in Bangladesh', first of its kind, pointed out that Bangladesh's flat topography, dense population and weak infrastructure make it uniquely vulnerable to the powerful and unpredictable forces that climate change is compounding.
The threat is felt from the flood and drought-prone lowlands in the country's north to its storm-ravaged coastline along the Bay of Bengal.
Around 12 million of the children most affected live in and around the powerful river systems which flow through Bangladesh and regularly burst their banks.
Another 4.5 million children live in coastal areas regularly struck by powerful cyclones, including almost half a million Rohingya refugee children living in fragile bamboo and plastic shelters.
A further 3.0 million children live further inland, where farming communities suffer increasing periods of drought.
In the new report, UNICEF said while Bangladeshis have developed admirable powers of resilience, more resources and innovative programmes are urgently needed to avert the danger that climate change represents to the country's youngest citizens.
The report showed that underperformance in education, nutritional status, health, access to safe water and improved sanitation, inclusiveness, equality, and safety and security all have a negative impact on individuals' and communities' capacity to adapt.
There is limited institutional and financial capacity to plan for, and respond to, climate change risks and impacts.
The report said as many as 25 per cent of the population lives in coastal areas vulnerable to cyclones while 60 per cent of the country is prone to flooding, 50,000-200,000 people are displaced each year due to river erosion, 70 per cent of Dhaka's slum dwellers are environmental migrants.
Drawing on interviews with families, community leaders and officials, UNICEF said a combination of extreme weather events - such as flooding, storm surges, cyclones and droughts - and longer-term phenomena directly related to climate change - such as sea level rise and salt water intrusion - are forcing families deeper into poverty and displacement. In the process, children's access to education and health services is severely disrupted.
The report said climate change is a key factor pushing poorer Bangladeshis to abandon their homes and communities and to try and rebuild lives elsewhere. Many head to Dhaka and other major cities, where children risk being pushed into dangerous forms of labour and into early marriages. It cited research showing that Bangladesh has 6 million climate migrants already, a number that could more than double by 2050.
UNICEF also pointed out that since the early 1990s, investment and action- both in disaster preparedness and risk reduction programmes- have made vulnerable communities in Bangladesh more resilient to the dangers of climatic shock. For example, one result has been a dramatic reduction in the mortality rate caused by cyclones over recent decades.
The report called on the international community and other partners to support the government in implementing a range of initiatives to shield children from the effects of climate change. One example is a technology 'Managed Aquifer Recharge' being promoted by UNICEF and other partners which helps coastal communities protect their vital supplies of drinking water against the intrusion of salt water from the sea.
"Climate change is deepening the environmental threat faced by families in Bangladesh's poorest communities, leaving them unable to keep their children properly housed, fed, healthy and educated," said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore, who visited Bangladesh in early March 2019.
"In Bangladesh and around the world, climate change has the potential to reverse many of the gains that countries have achieved in child survival and development."
"When families migrate from their homes in the countryside because of climate change, children effectively lose their childhoods," said UNICEF Bangladesh Representative Edouard Beigbeder.
"They face danger and deprivation in the cities, as well as pressure to go out to work despite the risk of exploitation and abuse."
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